Source Summary (revised)
Entry
1
A. Banaji,
Shakuntala / Seduced ‘outside’ versus sceptical ‘insiders’?: Slumdog
Millionaire through its reviewers
B. Amidst continued debates about
the commercial success and ‘hybrid’ style of Slumdog Millionaire (dir. Danny
Boyle 2008), this paper reports on a six-month international study of its
audiences and reception. The data gathered include 25 half-hour qualitative
interviews with randomly selected international viewers and 15 in-depth qualitative
questionnaires (administered over the internet) in the Spring and Summer of
2009. While the film had no overt pretensions to being an ethnographic account
of life in Indian slums, many of its re/viewers experienced it as having an
implicit political agenda and used criteria from ethnography or social science
to evaluate, understand and comment on its qualities and their reactions to it.
This style of response raises theoretical questions about the textuality,
meaning and reception of internationally circulated media products in an
apparently globalised arena: how do diverse re/viewer’s pre-existing
worldviews, ideological standpoints and intersecting identities inflect their
responses? Are some re/viewers more likely to judge the visual and other cinematic
pleasures offered by the film positively because of particular configurations
of knowledge and identity? What role should anthropological notions of ‘insider
knowledge’ and ‘outsider gaze’ play in academic discussions of viewers’
rhetorical analyses? National, class and ethnic affiliations were called upon
implicitly by interviewees to attest to or problematise the authenticity of
particular sequences and readings. However, experiences of gender,
international economic and cultural texts, child poverty and globalisation were
also overtly referenced. In its analysis of these reflexive commentaries, this
paper draws on critiques of ethnographic film, which are useful in undermining
or reinforcing anxieties around representation, class politics, nation and authenticity.
It also suggests that while moral and social judgments are implicit in many
responses to the film, straightforward assertions of ‘insider’ knowledge in the
making and reception of such cinema may be inadequately nuanced when it comes
to understanding the impact of complex international cultural products.
D. Pp.1-24
E. Based on the previous evaluation from audience and
critics, the author assesses the movie Slumdog Millionaire in an objective and
critical way, that it is the real portrait of Indian current condition.
Entry 2
A.
Ananya
Roy / Slumdog cities: rethinking subaltern urbanism
B.
This article
is an intervention in the epistemologies and methodologies of urban studies. It
seeks to understand and transform the ways in which the cities of the global
South are studied and represented in urban research, and to some extent in
popular discourse. As such, the article is primarily concerned with a formation
of ideas —‘subaltern urbanism’— which undertakes the theorization of the
megacity and its subaltern spaces and subaltern classes. Of these, the
ubiquitous ‘slum’ is the most prominent. Writing against apocalyptic and
dystopian narratives of the slum, subaltern urbanism provides accounts of the
slum as a terrain of habitation, livelihood, self-organization and politics.
This is a vital and even radical challenge to dominant narratives of the
megacity. However, this article is concerned with the limits of and
alternatives to subaltern urbanism. It thus highlights emergent analytical
strategies, utilizing theoretical categories that transcend the familiar
metonyms of underdevelopment such as the megacity, the slum, mass politics and
the habitus of the dispossessed. Instead, four categories are discussed —
peripheries, urban informality, zones of exception and gray spaces. Informed by
the urbanism of the global South, these categories break with ontological and
topological understandings of subaltern subjects and subaltern spaces.
D.
Pp.
223-238
E.
This
article concerns the limits of subaltern urbanism, and explains its the
epistemologies and methodologies.
Entry
3
A.
Nancy Fraser / Social justice in the age of identity
politics: redistribution, recognition, and participation
B.
Today,
claims for social justice seem to divide into two types: claims for the
redistribution of resources and claims for the recognition of cultural
difference. Increasingly, these two kind of claims are polarized against one
another. As a result, we are asked to choose between class politics and
identity politics, social democracy and multiculturalism, redistribution and
recognition. These, however, are false antitheses. Justice today requires both
redistribution and recognition. Neither alone is sufficient. As soon as one
embraces this thesis, however, the question of how to combine them becomes
paramount. I contend that the emancipatory aspects of the two paradigms need to
be integrated in a single, comprehensive framework. In this lecture, I consider
two dimensions of this project. First, on the plane of moral philosophy, I
propose an overarching conception of justice that can accomodate both
defensible claims for social equality and defensible claims for the recognition
of difference. Second, on the plane of social theory, I propose an approach
that can accomodate the complex relations between interest and identity, economy
and culture, class and status in contemporary globalizing capitalist society
D.
Pp. 25-52
E.
This
article aims to combine class politics and identity politics, social democracy
and multiculturalism, redistribution and recognition based on both moral
philosophy and social theory.
Entry
4
A.
Lu, Zhuoyan / On Slumdog Millionaire: A Postcolonial
Perspective
B.
The
third world people still stay in the marginal status, an "othering"
process, impersonating the image what the first world people suppose they
should be like unconsciously. Being aware of both of the two antagonistic
cultures, that of the colonizer and that of the indigenous community often
produces an unstable sense of self, called "unhomeliness". In this
essay, I intend to point out that in order to solve these problems, the third
world people should learn to challenge what the white impose on them, usually
based not on reality, but on imagination. Otherwise, not merely Slumdog
Millionaire, but any forthcoming movies will be big losers. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
D.
Pp. 339-343
E.
This
article argues that the first world people sharp the third world people’s role,
which they are supposed to be.
Entry
5
A.
Mahmud, Tayyab /‘Surplus
Humanity’ and Margins of Legality: Slums, Slumdogs, and Accumulation by
Dispossession
B.
Marooned on the outskirts of the law, more than one
billion people live in urban slums and squatter settlements, mostly in the
Global South. Law, extra-legality, and illegality commingle in urban slums to
produce spaces and subjects at the margins of legal orders and formal
economies. Three enduring and inter-related features of capitalism –
accumulation by dispossession, a reserve army of labor, and an informal sector
of the economy – produce and sustain urban slums. The genesis and persistence
of slums and slum-dwellers testify to the iron fist of the state working in
concert with the hidden hand of the market in the service of accumulation of
capital. Over the last thirty years, neoliberal restructuring of economies and
reordering of the responsibilities of states have accentuated this process. As
a result, slums in the Global South have grown exponentially. Public policy and
pronouncements of the judiciary in India as they related to slums and
slum-dwellers call into question traditional understandings of the law,
citizenship, and responsibilities of the state. Mainstream remedial prescriptions
for housing for the urban poor increasingly rely on market forces, fall
woefully short of their goal, and often accentuate the problem. The incipient
right to the city provides a productive framework to re-imagine the concept of
citizenship, and to guide public policy and popular action to ensure adequate
housing with dignity for the urban poor and the marginalized.
D.
Pp. 1-216
E.
This article aims to appeal the international
organization to making new laws to stop or slow down the increase of population
of marginal groups.
Entry
6
A.
Slawomir Magala / Slumdog Millionaire: The rhetoric of
chance or sentimental management of inequalities in pulp fiction
B.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reinterpret
rhetorical inventions in global multimedia and to re-conceptualize the
theoretical analysis of processes of sentimental representation of global
inequalities, unfair terms of exchange and attempts to balance them
(“Bollywood” of Mumbai vs Hollywood of LA).
Design/methodology/approach
– Philosophical and qualitative analysis of the rhetoric of communication forged
by global power games and applied to symbolic strategies of resistance, with a
case study of a particular highly successful movie in global multimedia
network, namely Slumdog Millionaire, which had been coproduced jointly by
professionals from the former “colonial power” (the UK) and from the former
“conquered colony” (India) in order to challenge the latest superpower
(Hollywood and the USA).
Findings –
Yesterday's underdogs are talking back and winning the symbolic game of
multimediated communications by inserting a new professionally shaped response
to the international inequalities laid bare and exposed to a growing critique.
However, the ironies of the international division of labor and local cultural
contexts can turn “sweatshops” into “boudoirs” subverting the rhetoric of
Western domination. More Bollywood-like strategies are needed to redress the
imbalance.
Originality/value –
Apart from the very specialist studies in the aesthetics of the film as an art
form, this is the first attempt to demonstrate the common theme of resistance
to the dominant rhetoric of multimedia industries on the level of coding
symbolic meanings and disseminating them through aesthetically successful
cultural commodities by groups and regions “cast” in subordinate roles by cultural
industries.
D. Pp. 152-156
E. This article aims to balance the global inequalities
and unfair terms of exchange.
Entry7
A.
Mendes, Ana Cristina / Showcasing India Unshining: Film
Tourism in Danny Boyle’s Slumdog Millionaire.
B. Cinematic
representations of Indian poverty have been by and large open to allegations of
aestheticising and showcasing squalor for artistic and/or commercial purposes.
The purpose of this article is not to reiterate these in relation to Danny
Boyle's Slumdog Millionaire, but to attempt a critical analysis of the film
that reaches beyond the supposedly romanticised images of photogenic and
picturesque poverty themselves to scrutinise the modes of circulation of these
representations in the field of cultural production, as well as their role in
enhancing the processes of an ever-increasing consumption of India-related
images. Against Salman Rushdie and Arundhati Roy's unfavourable readings of
Slumdog Millionaire, this article concludes by considering whether it might be
possible to discern a self-ironic stance towards representations of the
so-called 'real India' in Boyle's incorporation of Bollywood staple techniques
and motifs into his film, in particular in the closing scene. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/bul/96/2/227/
D.
Pp. 471-479
E.
This article attempts a critical analysis of the
excessive uglification of Indian slum in Slumdog Millionaire.
Entry
8
A.
Macfarlane, Alan / To contrast and compare
B.
Necessity, purpose, distancing
the over-familiar, familiarizing the distant, making absences visible, and
testing answers provide a framework for considering comparison in sociocultural
anthropology. The methods reviewed include intrasocietal, dyadic, triadic,
controlled, and broad comparison; units of comparison, necessary precautions
about what is comparable; the operations of comparison and contrast and their
respective productivity; differences, similarities and concomitance; polarity
and dimensionality of comparison; comparison of norms, of behaviors, of
processes; comparisons in time and issues of comparison in historical time;
dynamics and models
D.
Pp. 1-18
E.
The
paper concludes with a short history of methods of contrast and comparison.
Entry
9
A.
Beck,
Bernard / Angels With Dirty Faces: Who Invited Slumdog Millionaire and The
Visitor?
B.
Two
recent movies, The Visitor and Slumdog Millionaire, exemplify very different
ways of dealing with the pains of inequality in modern life. Popular culture
celebrates the successes of meritorious individuals from backgrounds of
victimization and oppression, but it struggles to find positive themes when
social arrangements continue to victimize other meritorious individuals. We may
appear to transcend our past inequalities, but we still have present
inequalities to struggle against. Similarities to recent political events, the
unsettled issues of immigration, the fear of Muslims, and the election of a
multiracial President are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
D.
Pp.
146-149
E.
This
article discusses the different ways that the main character uses to deal with
the inequality in Slumdog Millionaire and The Visitor.
Entry
10
A.
Bardhan,
Nilanjana / Slumdog Millionaire meets “India Shining”:(Trans) national
narrations of identity in South Asian diaspora
B.
This study uses the filmic text Slumdog Millionaire
to examine how the tension between the nation and the transnational was
communicated within South Asian diaspora. Findings from the textual analysis of
commentary in the New York Times, The Guardian and the Times
of India show that identity is articulated in purist as well as hybrid ways
among South Asian diasporans. A lack of comfortable fit between cultural
identity and place is evident. The analysis also shows that diasporic identity,
hybridity, nation-state, and transnational forces work in particular configurations
to raise consciousness about subaltern oppressions and exclusions within
multiscalar operations of power and representation in globalizing conditions.
Implications for intercultural communication and transitions are discussed.
D.
Pp. 42-61
E.
This article aims to explore the tense relationship
between nation and transnational through Slumdog Millionaire.
Entry
11
A.
Bullock,
Heather E / Justifying inequality: A social psychological analysis of beliefs
about poverty and the poor
B.
This chapter explores the ideological foundation of
inequality, focusing on the unique role of classist, racist, and sexist
attitudes and beliefs, in constraining upward mobility and support for
antipoverty policies. Throughout this analysis, classism is used to refer to
prejudicial attitudes and stereotypes that derogate poor and working class
people. Similarly, the terms sexism and racism, are used to refer to attitudes
and beliefs hat devalue women and people of color, respectively. Attitudinal
similarities and differences across socioeconomic and racial groups are
discussed as well as how these beliefs challenge or uphold economic and racial
inequality. Emphasis is placed on understanding how perceptions of poverty and
opportunity influence political mobilization, and educational expectations of
low-income people of color. Critical race theory (Delgado and Stefancic 2001),
and social psychological theories of intergroup relations (Apfelbaum 1999),
racism (Bobo and Hutchings 1996; Gilens 1999) and collective action are used to
ground dominant constructions of inequality, and to analyze the potential
development of intra and inter-class coalitions and support for progressive
antipoverty poverties.
D.
Pp.
52-76
E.
This article claims the foundation of social inequality,
and the special role of class, race, and gender and belief in antipoverty
policies.
Entry
12
A.
Mitu Sengupta / A Million Dollar Exit from the Anarchic
Slum-world: Slumdog Millionaire’s hollow idioms of social justice
B.
This article contests the characterisation of the popular
and acclaimed film, Slumdog Millionaire, as a realistic portrayal of India’s
urban poverty that will ultimately serve as a tool of advocacy for India’s
urban poor. It argues that the film’s reductive view of slum-spaces will more
probably reinforce negative attitudes towards slum-dwellers, lending
credibility to the sorts of policies that have historically dispossessed them
of power and dignity. By drawing attention to the film’s celebration of
characters and spaces that symbolise Western culture and Northern trajectories
of ‘development’, the article also critically engages with some of the issues
raised by the film’s enormous success.
D.
Pp. 599-616
E.
This article criticizes the realistic portrayal of
India’s urban poverty in Slumdog Millionaire will have a negative effect on
Indian citizens, such as dispossessing their power and dignity.
Entry
13
A.
Percy-Smith, Janie /Introduction: the contours of social
exclusion
B.
This introductory chapter provides a context for the
discussion of policy responses to social exclusion in the subsequent chapters.
It begins with an overview of the origins and development of social exclusion
as a concept and discusses the ways in which social exclusion is defined. From
this discussion of definitions I then derive a series of dimensions of social
exclusion which are related to the subject matter of the subsequent chapters.
In the final section I begin the discussion of policy responses to social
exclusion by drawing out the cross-cutting themes and issues which characterize
and inform the policy initiatives discussed in the later chapters of this book.
D.
Pp. 1-21
E.
This
book introduces the definition, origin and development of social exclusion.
Entry
14
A.
Bohn, Cornelia / Inclusion and exclusion: Theories and
findings. From exclusion from the community to including exclusion
B.
The article looks for a sociological and historically
erudite analytics of inclusion and exclusion that pays heed to the history of
the research problem. In this regard, concepts such as “ghetto poor” (Wilson),
surnuméraire, exclusion-confinement (Castel) are discussed. Social closure and
inequality (Weber, Bourdieu), deviance (Foucault), and inclusion and exclusion
as a difference internal to society and structure of societal differentiation
(Luhmann) are looked at in greater detail as specific types of theory. The text
proposes a concept of inclusion and exclusion situated within a theory of
differentiation and taking on deviance-theoretical elements. Hence, the author
introduces the category of including exclusion in elaboration of Foucault’s
concept of the “carceral system”, which is then treated as a generalizable
insight exceeding phenomena of deviance and embedded within a theory of
society. In light of historical and empirical material, however, some
specifications and modifications of the theoretical inventory seem necessary.
This pertains to the autonomous logic of structures generated by inclusions and
exclusions which may even operate opposedly on various levels of order; the yet
to be clarified relation between discourses/semantics and practices; the
“underlife” within realms of exclusion; the problem of entwined,
indistinguishable forms and the merging continuum of inclusion and exclusion;
finally, the temporal and factual limitation and reversibility of inclusion and
exclusion.
D.
Pp. 35-53
E.
This
article discusses the social exclusion and inclusion, closure, inequality, and
the structure of societal differentiation.
Entry
15
A.
Igor Krstic / Immersion in the ‘Maximum City’
Interactivity, kinaesthetics and notions of embodiment in Slumdog Millionaire
B.
Danny Boyle’s Slumdog Millionaire (2008) has been
criticized for its lack of authenticity, plausibility and realism. Another
frequently appearing critique of numerous re/viewers revolved around the issue
of ‘poorism’; the film’s alleged deployment of an orientalist Western gaze in
depicting the dirty underbelly of a megacity in the developing world. Instead of
asking whether Slumdog Millionaire‘represents’ Mumbai and its urban poor in a
realistic or non-realistic (orientalist) way, this article tries to inquire
whether and how the film engages its spectators into a visceral, sensual
viewing experience.
D.
Pp. 83-99
E.
The article presents an analysis of the film’s deployment
of narrative strategies, in order to understand the director’s overall ambition
to immerse audience into the experience of living in real Mumbai slum.
Entry
16
A.
Major, Brenda /From social inequality to personal
entitlement: The role of social comparisons, legitimacy appraisals, and group
membership
B.
The
major premise of this study is that beliefs about entitlement are a critical
determinant of how members of social groups react affectively, evaluatively,
and behaviorally to their social distributed outcomes (i.e., outcomes in which
another person or social system is involved). It is argued that one of the most
far reaching consequences of discrimination and social inequality is that they
can alter what people feel they deserve, or are entitled to receive, from their
social relationships. The disadvantaged often come to believe that they deserve
their lesser outcomes, whereas the overprivileged often come to believe that
they are entitled to their position of relative advantage.
D.
Pp. 293-301
E.
This
article claims people’s evaluations of discrimination and social inequality are
determined by if they get what they deserve to get.
Entry
17
A.
Lödén,
Hans / National identity, inclusion and exclusion. An empirical investigation
B.
Results from a research
project conducted among 1000 secondary school students in Sweden are used for
discussing superordinate national identity as a means for immigrants’
integration into democratic politics and the challenges this may present for
social science education. The theoretical point of departure is taken within
social identity theory, with emphasis on its findings concerning relationships
between superordinate and subgroup identities. It is suggested that a
superordinate national identity perceived as inclusive, by immigrants and the
native population, would be conducive to integration into democratic
nation-states. Such states are seen as the dominant organizational form for
democratic politics in the foreseeable future. It is argued that command of the
dominant language of society is most important of the inclusive criteria. Other
such criteria are respect of the state's political institutions and feelings of
belonging to the country where you live. The argument is supported by data,
showing a majority of secondary school students – of self-identified 'Swedish'
or non-'Swedish' backgrounds – in favour of inclusive criteria for a 'Swedish'
national identity.
D.
Pp. 1-19
E.
This
article concludes three most important criteria of immigrants’ inclusion in a
new community.
Entry
18
A.
Rawal, Nabin / Social Inclusion and exclusion: A review.
B.
The concept of social exclusion/inclusion figured
prominently in the policy discourse in France in the mid 1970s. The concept was
later adopted by the European Union in the late 1980s as a key concept in
social policy and in many instances replaced the concept of poverty. This
concept which had first appeared in Europe as a response to the crisis of the
welfare State has now gained considerable currency over the last five years in
both official and development discourses in Nepal. The issue gained considerable
leverage when the Nepal Government recognized inclusion as a policy issue as
one of the four pillars of 2003 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), which
is also Nepal's Tenth Plan. The debates surrounding inclusion/exclusion have
ascended to conspicuous importance in the present political transition in Nepal
with several groups such as Dalit, women, ethnic communities, donor
communities, Madhesi communities and region voicing their demands for an
inclusive state by virtue of which, the issue has now come to be a part of the
popular public discourse. However, what has to be borne in mind is that the
concept lacks universality in the way it has been defined and employed. While
some claim that social exclusion is more illuminating and holds the promise of
understanding disadvantaged groups better, others argue that this concept is so
evocative, ambiguous, multidimensional and elastic that it can be defined in
many different ways and owing to its ambiguity in definition it may mean all
things to all people. Howsoever, the term has been used, defined,
conceptualized, the article here makes an effort to review accessible
literature on the topic.
D.
Pp. 161-180
E.
This
article aims to demonstrate that social exclusion and inclusion can be defined
in many different ways depend on the different situations.
Entry
19
A.
Kabeer,
Naila / Social Exclusion, Poverty and Discrimination Towards an Analytical
Framework
B.
Although the concept of social exclusion has its origins
in northern social policy discourses, it can add value to attempts to
discourses; it can add value to attempts to think about social policy in the
context of development if it can provide a unifying framework for analysing the
social implications of economic disadvantage and the economic implications of
social disadvantage. This article develops one possible version of such a
framework. It identifies the different kinds of disadvantage which underpin
social exclusion, and goes on to analyse social exclusion as the product of
institutional processes, group dynamics and social practices. It concludes by
drawing attention to the positive role that social policy can play in counteracting
the adverse implications of exclusion as well as to its negative role in
reproducing them.
D.
Pp.
83-97
E.
This
article appeals the government to implement some positive policies to reduce
the negative effect of social exclusion.
Entry
20
A.
Pradhan,
Rajendra / Understanding Social Exclusion and Social Inclusion in the Nepalese
Context: Some Preliminary Remarks
B.
The concepts of social exclusion and its twin, social
inclusion, were first popularised in social policy discourse in Europe in
response to the crises of the welfare state and then used in other regions,
especially in developmental discourses, probably in response to the failure of
development paradigms based on poverty reduction. These terms have now become
mainstreamed, with even the World Bank, the National Planning Commission of
Nepal, and the Social Inclusion Research Fund Secretariat using the terms for
different purposes. Yet, as several commentators have pointed out, social
exclusion and social inclusion are contested terms, used in a variety of ways
and in a variety of contexts, such that questions have even been raised as to
whether it is possible to define these terms in a manner acceptable to all.
This paper attempts a preliminary and cursory survey of the literature, mainly
articles in journals available to the author (and keeping in mind the fact that
not having access to the literature is itself a form of exclusion), on social
exclusion and inclusion. The paper will make some preliminary remarks about how
the terms could be understood in the Nepalese context.
D.
Pp.
1-17
E.
The
article discusses how the concepts of inclusion and exclusion have been
understood and used by several authors from different disciplinary fields.
Entry
21
A.
MVashishtha, V. I. P. I. N / Indian slum children in
Western cinema: sensitive portrayal of stark reality or crass exploitation?
A.
Reports
that a ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ (SM) child star was offered for sale by her father
has led to criticism of the film- makers, the girl’s family and the British
media- responsible for the sting operation and subsequent scoop all over the
globe(1). At the center of the story is 9-year-old Rubina, one of only two
child actors in the film to actually come from the communities where it is set.
There have long been competing claims about her treatment. Was she paid
properly? Has she been looked after appropriately in the months since the film
came out? Was it right for her to be transported to a film set - and eventually
to the expansive, spotlit stage of the Oscars and a day trip to Disneyland -
only to be deposited back to a community where access to clean water, let alone
education, is a struggle? Would it distort her life too much?
B. http://medind.nic.in/ibv/t09/i6/ibvt09i6p499.pdf
C. Pp. 499-500
D.
This article condemns some western movies, which talk
about the things that really happen in Indian slums distort the archetypal
character’s life too much.
Entry
22
A.
Cameron,
Angus / Geographies Of Welfare And Exclusion: Social Inclusion And Exception.
B.
The
article explores the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion. Without enough
understanding of what inclusion is, people will tend to concentrate on the
problems and deficits of those labeled excluded. The development of the social
exclusion debate places an enormous responsibility on those considered to be
excluded to resolve their own problems. The author argued that the general
failure to develop a critical understanding of the real and discursive
geographies of social inclusion has contributed to this. Thus, the author
analyzes the way the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion are being
deployed.
D.
Pp.
396-404
E.
This
article aims to demonstrate inclusion is not the additional concept of
exclusion, it is also very important.
Entry
23
A.
Wilson, Janet M /Slumdog Millionnaire: romancing the
slums
B.
The award-winning successes of Danny Boyle’s rags to
riches movie, Slumdog Millionaire (2008), a story that oscillates between the
discrepant spaces of the Mumbai slums and the showroom of the ‘Who Wants to be
a Millionaire?’ quiz, brought an unprecedented level of exposure to urban slum
life, and in the eyes of some, imparted a dubious romantic glamour to poverty
and degradation. The slum along with the TV showroom, in their diverse
intersections (local and global, fundamentalism and metropolitanism; corruption
and romance, agency and abjection), figure in the film as sites of multiple
oppositions, contradictions and transformations, as metropolitan spaces in
which the forces of caste, subalternity, religious fundamentalism and
ethnocentrism can be overturned. The paper asks, in light of hostile criticism
that the film promotes ‘poverty pornography’, whether its representations of
the oppositional slum and media worlds through the global discourses of cinema
point to what Bill Ashcroft calls a ‘transformation of modernity’.
C.
http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/5359/
D.
Pp. 485-516
E.
This article identifies an ethics, whereby this utopian
vision of Bollywood and Western cinemas might be aligned with social, political
and economic realities.
Entry
24
A.
Tilstra, Elisabeth / Working from Within: Observations of
Non-Governmental Efforts to Decrease Social Marginalization in Buenos Aires
B.
This essay is
a modification of an excerpt from the senior thesis written for the
Chancellor’s Honors Program at The University of Tennessee. The complete
project—titled “Bringing the Outside In: An Examination of Non-Governmental Aid
Organizations in Buenos Aires”—first examines the political and economic
history of Argentina as a context from which to understand the current stage of
actors in the social sector. Then, drawing from my fieldwork in the slums sur-
rounding urban Buenos Aires, it introduces the twelve organizations I studied
that work with issues of poverty and development, exploring organizational
elements that aid or limit a nonprofit’s efficacy. Finally, it concludes with
my own project proposal; a submission of a way to incorporate the most
effective elements into one organization. As this paper is just a piece of a larger
work, I have chosen to highlight only the data from my time spent in Buenos
Aires in 2011, leaving out the introductory sections that give political and
economic context, as well as the project proposal. This paper assumes the
economic con- text as briefly mentioned above, and focuses wholly on the
characteristics of the studied organizations, and how they enhance – or hinder
– organizational efficacy. It examines the structure and program implementation
of these orga- nizations, critically reviewing them as agents of change.
D.
Pp.
65-86
E.
This article is an on-the-spot investigation of poverty
and development around the world.
Entry
25
A.
Singhania, Ankita /Copyright Laws in India and
Maintenance of a Welfare State
B.
Information
has attained the status of a ‘primary good’ and is therefore essential for the
socio-economic development of an individual in any society. Given the nature of
the Indian polity which is a Welfare State, the current copyright regime in
India, which has largely been modelled to fulfil India’s obligations under the
TRIPS Agreement, does not strike a harmonious balance between promoting the
progress of arts and sciences and fulfilling the constitutional mandate of
achieving social and economic justice. The lengthy term of protection of
copyright is detrimental to the benefit that public might derive from release
of such work in public domain. Developing nations like India should develop
copyright models that do not stunt the growth of their skilled work force and
further satisfy their constitutional goals.
C.
http://www.manupatra.co.in/newsline/articles/Upload/403FE5B3-B213-4553-BB55-574E49E809D0.pdf
D.
Pp. 43-52
E.
This
articles appeal those developing countries to improving copyright models to
promote the growth of social economy.
Entry
26
A．Hall, Joanne M /
Marginalization revisited: critical, postmodern, and liberation perspectives.
B． Marginalization
was advocated by Hall, Stevens, and Meleis in 1994 as a guiding concept for
valuing diversity in knowledge development. Properties, risks, and resilience
associated with the concept were detailed. This conceptualization of
marginalization is reexamined here for its sociopolitical usefulness to
nursing, from (1) critical theory, (2) postmodern, and (3) liberation
philosophy perspectives. Additional properties are proposed to update the
original conceptualization. These include: exteriority, Eurocentrism,
constraint, economics, seduction, testimony, and hope. Effects of Eurocentric
capitalism on all marginalized people are explored. Nursing implications
include the need for interdisciplinary dialogue about the ethics of promoting
and exporting Eurocentrism in nursing education and practice, and the need for
integrated economic analyses of all aspects of life and health.
D．Pp. 88-102
E． This article aims to refresh
the definition of marginalization, and
explore the effect of Eurocentric capitalism on all marginalized people.
Entry
27
A．Mudambi, Anjana
/Another Look At Orientalism: (An)Othering In Slumdog Millionaire
B． This
article uses Lauren Berlant's conception of the intimate public, as constructed
through commodification and fantasy, to argue that Edward Said's (1979)
well-known notion of Orientalism has undergone a transformation in contemporary
global representations. This version of Orientalism effectively erases the
historical and economic factors of colonialism that created the “other” in
favor of a construction of “(an)other,” a global sentimental community of
sameness and difference. Outlining the various intimate publics created through
the film, this article contends that this process of “(an)othering” ultimately
makes the experience of watching the “other” more comfortable by commodifying
the Oriental subject, reconciling the temporary experience of the film's
foreignness with audience expectations and perceptive frameworks, and
maintaining the Oriental subject as intelligible to Western subjectivity. By
absolving the audience from any responsibility for the colonial legacies that
created the contemporary realities, colonial legacies are elided by a more
universal fantasy of achieving wealth and romance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
D．Pp. 275-292
E． This
article explores global commercialization through the analysis of Slumdog
Millionaire, which presents the reality of the Mumbai slums in India.
Entry
28
A.
Jenson, Jane / Backgrounder: Thinking about
Marginalization: What, Who and Why?
B.
The faces of marginalized people are legion. They can be
seen in homeless persons sleeping in the subways of Manhattan or under the
bridges of the Seine. They are the faces of African children wasting away from
diarrhea that could be prevented if only their desperate mothers knew how to
put together a simple saline solution. They are the faces of struggling farmers
in South Asia whose primitive agricultural methods have not changed for generations,
of reindeer herders in the Russian Far East organising to fight for mineral
rights to the land they occupy, of oppressed minority groups around the world
still denied the right the vote.”
D.
Pp. 377-391
E.
This
article aims to explain what is marginalization,
who is the main part of marginalized people, and the reason why they become
marginalized.
Entry
29
A.
Anderson, Ashley. "Contesting India’s Image on the
World Stage: Audience Reception of Slumdog Millionaire
B.
This study focuses on audience debates concerning the
validity of the film’s representation of both postcolonial India and the
Western world. As context, actual socio-economic conditions in India are
examined in comparison with the film’s portrayal to reveal differences in the
shaping and determination of India’s cultural identity. The influence of
transnational corporations and their consumer culture are analyzed within the
content and production process of the film. Through critically examining
audience reactions and themes within the film, this study uncovers changing
cultural attitudes instigated by globalization.
D.
Pp. 1-78
E.
This
article discusses India tries to shift its image, which is in accordance with
the first world’s aesthetics under globalization.
Entry
30
A.
Chan, Nadine / Slumdog Millionaire and the Troubled Place
of Cinema and Nation
B.
One enters a world of critical theory that stands
anxiously at an impasse between dutiful studies of national representation, and
the impulses of post-national anti-essentialism. As I begin my tentative forays
into media scholarship, particularly into questions of nation and national
allegory, I find myself immobilized by two often incongruent intellectual
forces which cripple any attempt to theorize nation in any stable form – a
responsibility towards the studies of national/ cultural representation and
power politics in cinema, and a desire to move beyond the limiting confines of
reading cinema within a national optic.
C.
http://cinema.usc.edu/archivedassets/101/16187.pdf
D.
Pp. 37-45
E.
This
article claims that cinema, as a globalized
medium, almost breaks the limiting framework of the nation-state.
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